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Plum pudding at Howell but outside and north of the incorrect crater diameter mile.
Strange things go on in the Silurian Brassfield Sequence here. Take a look at these rings around the flint inclusion below. What would cause that?
1C=Chert, Plum Pudding and Shocked Conglomerates - Charles Marsh Woodruff Jr. in his now 50 year old thesis noted the Brassfield Chert and the Plum Pudding which also contains it. This fascinating material has perplexed later crater investigators. I have found the Brassfield Chert strata extending all the way to a creek entering the east side of Lake Logan, TN in southeast Giles county, just inside the second fault ring. The Brassfield Strata is a very unusual strata in the Frankewing, TN Crater Impact area. It presents as a fading out edge strata. I have found the iron chert breccia lens running SW to a road cut almost to McBurg, TN at Bugtussle Hollow. What does that mean? It is likely that the conglomerate/breccia lens that runs under craters extends that far, but likely more. The diameter of the meteor marbled limestone supports a 60+ mile diameter crater but the craters are not the surface ring. They are a multi level event. Oblique impacts into a sea like this one are even more disassociated with the surface ring. The impact being a low oblique one from the NE is an absorbing oval but these type explosion have been poorly studied. You can watch a great 2013 show called Meteor Strike from NOVA and PBS that shows the both circular and lateral blast of a low angle meteor explosion. A forensic point about circular chert/flint inclusions in the Brassfield lens is while a lot of analytical evidence in the impact strata does not clearly specify a long time to occur hence my unwillingness to concur with Woodruff (who was not all that sure himself). The duration effect broadly i.e. late Devonian through Mississippian for the impact is the best fit to define the involved material but does not mean it took that defined long of time.
The roundish inclusions in the Brassfield Chert indicate a shore or stream like period that tumbled these inclusions. So the Silurian Strata period is a strata the impact blasted down to. A micro analysis of the Silurian Brassfield Chert indicates it is also an impact form with bits of minerals as inclusions.
Puddingstone, also known as either pudding stone or plum-pudding stone, is a popular name applied to a conglomerate that consists of distinctly rounded pebbles whose colours contrast sharply with the colour of the finer-grained, often sandy, matrix or cement surrounding them. The rounded pebbles and the sharp contrast in colour gives this type of conglomerate the appearance of a raisin or Christmas pudding.[1][2] There are different types of puddingstone, with different composition, origin, and geographical distribution. Examples of different types of puddingstones include the Hertfordshire, Schunemunk, Roxbury, and St. Joseph Island (Drummond Island) puddingstones.
Also you can find very soft chert and very hard flint inclusions in the same rock!
The strange Silurian Brassfield strata as explosion exposed at Lake Logan, TN.
Shown to the right is fossil type Plum Pudding. Found at Lake Logan, TN. >>>>>
First Fault Ring
Bugtussle Hollow
Found in creek 2 miles west of Howell. 350 million years of matrix erosion.
The Silurian Brassfield Strata as presented in it's edge here in lower Middle, TN is unique and defies it's formation theory. The specimen below has gassed out bubbles, contains iron, chert, limestone, and flint. The effect appears as a gassing slurry mixing plasma of dissimilar materials.
Bursting the bubble of strata theory. Although there are many layers on this bubble dome pictured left: it is clearly a gassing action that cannot take eons of time as the layers would suggest. Also strata edges are a difficult construct. A mixing of time with strata theory but the edges present as same time.
Below is an example of the same general type of inclusion from The Netherlands. It appears to be a shore depositing around a rounded previous type like limestone around chert.
Derek Duecker of Cedar Rapids, Iowa collected this specimen. It is high shock and some resonance as shown in the constellationing structures. It is silica, iron, cobalt and shock olivine. Impact conglomerate.
Specimen above is from Midlothian, TX and was collected by Lisa Ford Brasher. It indicates two impacts. The white stripe in the big red pebble is from a previous impact which then was rounded along a shore or stream. The indented nature of the pebbles is due to time since the forming impact which has allowed material to dissolve. Plum pudding can tell you a lot about your location.
Pictures above are chert breccia lens at Lake Logan, TN. Picture below is chert breccia lens at Howell, TN. As you can see is no difference. A high oblique impact crater will have an uneven exposure crater with highs and lows inside the crater.
Now let's move on from the observation made by the 50+ year old study at Howell, TN to the general case of it's type. Specimen below collected by Derrick Whitehead of LaGrange, TX is high shock chert plum pudding from another impact. It also has Galaxy Constellationing.
Specimen above was collected by Heather Wynn in NE Indiana. It is crater edge shocked conglomerate from a large impact. This is the same phenomena but from a different crater as "plum pudding" Charles Marsh Woodruff Jr. noted in his study along the crater edge here at the Frankewing, TN Crater.
Plum Pudding also comes in a dark matrix. The dark matrix is meteor iron oxide, Fe3O4.
Specimen above from the Philippines. Impact breccia, high shock with banding harmonic. This is earth and meteor but is mostly silica based crypto crystalline.
Slag can make a Plum Pudding if it contacts pebbles from a less industrialized older type process. I never default to slag when identifying specimens as that requires provenance. With an estimated 16,000 earth surface impacts it is much wiser to look for impact first.
Believe it or not, the specimen shown below is Plum Pudding. It was so highly shocked I was able to break it with my hands. Very high shock can bleach a specimen as it has burned it to almost ash. Found in North Crater area SW of Cornersville, TN.
Suevite, as shown below is another form of Plum Pudding.
Impact can make gemstones. Minerals with high shock pressure from the bolide blasted out mixed with impacted material.
Constellatioining Plum Pudding - Constellationing is a shock particle storm that makes forms. In the case of the specimen below they are clumping into a Plum Pudding effect. You can read about Constellationing at: https://www.hillbillyu.com/constellationing
Classic "Pudding Stone" from the Michigan Crater Area can contain diamonds and gold.
Meteorite chondrules are a Plum Pudding type.
Meteor Impact Deteriorate - Less shock melt matrix, it is fragile and disolves back into pebbles. I found this phenomena just outside the crater wall at Veto, Alabama. The iron is melting out of it's structure. Of course the land was a red color. Is why Redstone arsenal was named that because of the red clay soil which is really a blanket of iron from the Frankewing, TN Impact.
This specimen collected in Switzerland by Silvan Anunnaki Project Enlil is a high shock, high resonance impact conglomarate/breccia. the particle constellationing patterns are forming around the resonate impact pieces which are shock welded together. this is an excellent transition example. You can read an excellent article about swiss impact and prehistoric settlement at https://greaa.ch/ricerca.php
Rose Olsen of New York collected this specimen. It is a high shock conglomerate with dendritic fractals. This is a fast form two dimensional crystal.
Jenn Harris of British Columbia, Canada collected this specimen. It is impact breccia that has been rounded but the central quartz may or may not have been a round pebble i.e. impact conglomerate. Impact breccia and conglomerate are like sheet splatterforms when isolated from the larger matrix.
Plum Pudding Meteorite - Mohamed Bouzelfen of Morocco collection.
Pull away shrinkage inclusion shown here is an inclusion left from previous geology and has been shocked by an impact explosion which altered the two materials at different rates. This specimen was located in a large shock megaclast strewn field located between Huntland, TN and Hytop, AL.
These impact made plasma blobs are part of the ejected material from a large earth impact. It is a type 2 impactite made of local material and the impacting bolide material. The impact bolide material is the black iron oxide Fe3O4 in a nano particle from the pulverization/vaporization. It is dense because of the nature of that much energy melting it. The impressions are impalements from the shock chaos storm created by the impact event. It also has a heat mosaic crease which is a cooling distortion effect. As the impalements are generalized it was turning while being thrown. It was once a limestone strata which indicates it is part of the continuing event as the impact made its excavation. In another circumstance it could have been a type of plum pudding. So what is the fundamental difference here? Well this was shot out as a plasma mixed with the nano iron and plum pudding is a molten iron or some other liquid binder that combines with the local pebbles and all where it lands. The specimen at the top of page on the left is a melt type of plum pudding where the nodule stuff was in the rock it has just been shocked so hard as to deform this material into lumpy nodules.
Nikki Keller · Oct. 1, 2022
Can anyone tell me what this is? It weighs about 100 pounds easy and it's smooth like mud but I could not make any marks on it with my steel blade. It's about as round as a five gallon bucket and stands about a foot in height . The bottom is flat and the there's holes around the entire rock some of them with smaller rocks stuck inside of them. I have tried using my rock identify app on my phone and reverse image search and I get coral. meh. Not sure if I am convinced. Help anyone have any ideas would love to see some good discussion in the comments. Thanks!
Sparta, TN Crater, Part 2: Bio Impactite - Just like Earth craters impactites can be covered with plants actually growing on them. I think it makes them more interesting. This is a shock made chert partially melt fused and partially not. You can see the shock conglomerate sections, the iron section exposed, as well as the variety of lichens, and moss living on the surface. Shock conglomerates with the meteor iron binder are the principle impactite of the Lewis/Perry County Crater. Bald Knob Rd. Van Buren County, TN. June 14, 2023.
Impact conglomerate from Chesapeake Bay Crater blast which made the binder matrix which welded these rocks together. You usually do not find such large inclusions but this was a very large impact. Oct. 14, 2023.
New England Rock Hounds
Eric Rosinha · ·
Western mass. Would this be a puddingstone. Or something else.
Quartz pebbles in sandstone, Hurricane Creek Park, Cullman, AL, today. Why are the pebbles, all white quartz, and similar size? How could a slow compression made rock have voids? My theory is this is an impact orogeny. The pebbles are impact nodules and voids are the randomness of explosions. The sand was the impacted surface. April 23, 2024.
High energy melt matrix conglomerate. Pebbles melting together. The matrix is already melted pebbles. From Michigan. May 1, 2024.
Laura Halsey
· ·
Got my new rock cutter , we had a blast ! I
Think they turned out beautiful
Picture 1 is the iron matrix conglomerate as usually found in red it also comes in black as they are both iron oxides. Picture 2 is this stratum in situ along a ditch at The Dismals Canyon. It is from a large meteor/bolide that hit earth which released all that iron as a molten mass spray contacting the pebbles present. However, this upheaval leaves these conglomerates in a new location as the cratering process reforms the land topography. Like on hills where this was no longer in a low-lying stream. May 15, 2024.
Impact conglomerate with higher shock and local binder matrix. You can see iron fiber crystals in the matrix which came from the impacting meteor/bolide. This is rare in a conglomerate. While the pebbles came from some stream, river or beach now located on mountain as are fossils from impact reforming of land topography. With more shock you would get a Suevite. Even higher mades a soft core over shock which you can break with your hands. Finally you just get a bentonite ash. May 15, 2024. Jim Kingdom specimen.
Impact conglomerate sphere, rare. Pittsburg impact crater. While iron matrix nodules and strata conglomerates are common, spheres are not. This liquid drop was blasted out from the impact explosion and rolled up these local pebbles. Impact iron often presents in several phases as the energy of impact is extreme. The iron came from the impacting bolide/meteor. You can vaguely see the crater on this geology app, see attached. May 22, 2024.
Mikey Wetmore
·
Any idea what this is? broke open a rock and found it. Was 6ft deep near ohio river in western pennsyvania.
Impact conglomerate from the Big Horn Basin Crater. Copper, iron, silica. It also has tiny impact spheres. So where do the pebbles come from? It is assumed that the impacting meteor/bolide hit an area with streams, or beaches of inland seas. It is also possible for the impact to both make the pebbles and bind them in the same explosion. You can see some pebble melt. June 4, 2024.
Gloria Ballard
Found in Piney Creek near Story. What is it?
The Big Horn Basin Impact Structure. Crust breaking impact with hot springs. June 4, 2024.
The Big Horn Basin Impact Structure Central Uplift. June 4, 2024.
Coal Ball Conglomerate - Impact sphere and impact nodule connected by surface binder. The sphere and nodule contain sub spheres. Calcite/dolomite composition and found in coal fields the impact blast takes the surface strata impacted and turns it into blast drops which are blasted into the coal. The coal is a heat and pressure product from the impact blast turning the organic material into a carbon mass. June 12, 2024.
Specimen from Prairie Research Institute • University of Illinois
The answer is yes. Cementation is also a geology term: Cementation involves ions carried in groundwater chemically precipitating to form new crystalline material between sedimentary grains. The new pore-filling minerals forms "bridges" between original sediment grains, thereby binding them together. In this way, sand becomes sandstone, and gravel becomes conglomerate or breccia. Additionally earth impact has all the ingredients to produce cement as it makes tiny pulverized material including ash, and lime which was the Roman formula for cement. I favor impact pudding stone for these. Why? The tiny grain structure of granular particles will make designs. These designs indicate origin. Some of these patterns are linear which is more often seen with impact, i.e. a blast flow direction. June 16, 2024.
I'm new at trying to identify my finds. My husband said these are concrete. Could these be puddinstones?
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